Vaccines and adjuvants – Special Issue

Special Issue

Novel Adjuvants for Vaccines

The review covers basic recent discoveries on the mechanism of action of adjuvants, which have been developed in the last decade. In particular, it focuses on the activation of TOLL like receptors and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory lymphokines (innate immunity), which, in turn, are thought to activate antigen specific responses (adaptive immunity). Given the number of novel adjuvants av...

Adjuvants, Preservatives and Tissue Fixatives in Vaccines

ADJUVANTS, PRESERVATIVES AND TISSUE FIXATIVES IN VACCINES V contain a number of substances which can be divided into the following groups: 1. Micro-organisms, either bacteria or viruses, thought to be causing certain infectious diseases and which the vaccine is supposed to prevent. These are whole-cell proteins or just the broken-cell protein envelopes, and are called antigens. 2. Chemical subs...

Beyond antigens and adjuvants: formulating future vaccines.

The need to optimize vaccine potency while minimizing toxicity in healthy recipients has motivated studies of the formulation of vaccines to control how, when, and where antigens and adjuvants encounter immune cells and other cells/tissues following administration. An effective subunit vaccine must traffic to lymph nodes (LNs), activate both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, an...

Adjuvants designed for veterinary and human vaccines.

Adjuvants play an important role in the efficacy of vaccines as the antigens become more and more purified. Indeed recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides are safer than crude inactivated micro-organism, but less immunogenic. This can be balanced by specific adjuvants. But there is no universal adjuvants and their action is not yet clear and rely on different mechanisms. Then, they must be a...